By Karisma Amjad
Lecturer, Dhaka International University, Dhaka (Bangladesh)
(2011). Light & Composition University Press Academic Journal, 3, 1-21
Published Year: 2011
Volume: 3
Page Number: 1-21
ISSN: 2039-3709
Reviewers
Professor Nasrul Eam
Dr. Kanti Ananta Nuzhat
Tanzim Bhuyan
This is a paper on the sexual and reproductive health condition of the client of FPAB. The data for this research are collected from the patients coming to the service rendering and consultation counter, arranged by the counsellor of two RHIYA clinics of FPAB. The purpose of the study is to discern the sexual & reproductive health conditions and problems of the client of FPAB and the opinion of the client to access/about the service. This research, as a sample survey basis, selected 60 respondents. The percentage of undergraduates who are maximum service receivers are housewives, and the second highest service receivers are servicewomen. The maximum number of FPAB clients are from lower or middle-income groups. People are interested in taking temporary contraceptives instead of permanent contraceptives. The weight of newborn babies was sufficient. Maximum babies were born in Hospitals or clinics. Present generations are also aware of the disease and the consequences of sexual disease. Abortion is increasing day by day. Some people died from abortion twice/thrice. Though most people do not know the essential vixens’ names, they do not forget to take vixens from doctors or health workers. Parents take care of their children to give them knowledge about adolescence and sexuality. FPAB plays a great role in the service of sexual & reproductive health. General people are aware of and satisfied with their service. However, there are still some areas that need improvement in FPAB. Science maximum clients of FPAB are from lower or middle-income groups, the services should be free or have a special program for lower-income groups.
Sustainable Development and Climate Change: Evaluation of GO-NGO Activities
Sexual & reproductive health is an internationally recognized human right. In addition, everyone should have this right but lots of social barriers exist in society about this. Awareness level is not satisfactory about sexual & reproductive health because still people believe in lots of superstitions and religious misconceptions. Moreover, though the knowledge of sexual and reproductive health is very important for our life and we are anyhow related to this, people feel shy to discuss this issue openly because of their ignorance. Some people think that it is ethically not acceptable to discuss with others. As a result, most of the people are in the dark about sexual & reproductive health. 23% of people in Bangladesh are adolescents. Since this thing is not being discussed openly and regularly, they do not know about the physical and mental changes of the age transition period. That is why in most of the cases they fear their physical changes. Some adolescent is engaged pre-marriage sexual relation relationship thus they are in risk unaccepted conceive. Most adolescents know very little about sexual diseases like HIV, AIDS, so they are at a very high risk for this dangerous disease. They do not feel free to discuss with others though they suffer from different types of disease. As a result, they cannot enjoy the service of sexual & reproductive health. Nowadays sexual harassment is usual incident in this country. But the very little number of young and adolescent gets sexual & reproductive health and family planning services. On the other hand, their knowledge is limited. Adolescent literature is very low in rural areas. BCC commodity and adolescent friendly service are very few in rural areas. Though the number of HIV positive is low at present in Bangladesh, this country is at a very high risk point for this disease, because of the high percentage of sexual disease, unsaved sexual habits and low awareness. Abortion is not legal in Bangladesh but people do MR to avoid unexpected conceive. In most of the cases MR is done by inexperienced or semi-experienced health workers. Saved MR facilities are very few. Some difficulties exist for MR like the crisis of BCC commodity related to MR, social & religious blockage and insufficient funds. Though urban areas have some MR facilities, rural areas do not have that much facility and health workers are not trained also. But we are hopeful that family planning is satisfactory in Bangladesh though high mother & child death, low literature rate, poverty and low scope of women empowerment. The increasing ratio of family planning is satisfactory though some still have huge demand in family planning.
Family Planning Association of Bangladesh (FPAB)
Family Planning Association of Bangladesh (FPAB) is the pioneer organization of Bangladesh which makes mass awareness about sexual & reproductive health and population explosion; it also presents these issues to social welfare organizations and planners. This organization plays a great role in family planning and to spread education about sexual & reproductive health. This organization was established in 1953 headed by Dr. Humara Syed, it was called Family Planning Association when established. The name was changed to Family Planning Association of Bangladesh (FPAB) on 18 February 1972. In this year it has waned the membership of International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF). Now FPAB works as a substitute organization and helping hand of government to face national problems like population explosion and sexual & reproductive health. The main tasks of his organization are: 1. To give family planning service. 2. To give sexual & reproductive health service. 3. Mother welfare & child care project. 4. Helping center of Family. 5. Serve the equipments of family planning. 6. Young project. 7. Training works. 8. Mass awareness.
Sex and Sexuality
Our all awareness about sexuality is influenced by our education in childhood and social attitude & behaves. As per World Health Organization (WHO), “Sexuality is a combination of physical and mental, intellectual and social things”. Everyone has the right to know about sexuality.
The current estimated population of Bangladesh is 127 million Youth at the age range of 15-30 represents approximately 30%of the total population, of the 16.82million young men and 16.09million young women living in Bangladesh .It is estimated that 12.65million young men and 12.40 million young women live in rural area .The estimated adolescent population (15-19) constitutions 22.6 percent of the total population.
Reproductive health status of young people in Bangladesh is remarkably low. Despite rapid social change women still lag behind men in all spheres. Poverty with social and cultural prejudice, gender based violence, lack of education and less access to essential health care facilities contributes to poor reproductive health, 33%of adolescent girl begin child bearing in their teen age about 27.4 percent of adolescent are already mother of one child .Early marriage and early matrimony affect their overall health status.
The lack of information leads adolescents and youth to think about sex and sexuality in the wrong way. As a result, beginning from the reproductive age through their life they suffer from reproductive health problems. The promotion and advocacy of adolescent reproductive health and development and the prevention of problems before they occur is not only more humane but is also more cost-effective than responding to problems after they occur and attempting curative action when it may be too late.
Family planning association of Bangladesh (FPAB), a non-government voluntary organization, is the pioneer of play an important role in sexual reproductive health (SRH) in the country and provides a wide range of SRH service. FPAB as an affiliate of international Planned Parenthood federation (IPPF) has developed its strategies based on themes of Advocacy, Access, Abortion, Adolescent and HIV/AIDS. The activities included community development programs, distribution of contraceptives, advocacy and prevention of STD/HIV/AIDS sexual and reproductive education SRH counselling and clinical SRH service to adolescent and young maternity services, strong advocacy on safe abortion and counselling and services.
The RHIYA project of FPAB is a component project under RHIYA Bangladesh. FPAB is implementing the project in 9 outlying districts in Bangladesh.
Sexual & reproductive rights are internationally recognized human rights and as such should be guaranteed for everyone. But now there are lots of restrictions in our society about sexual and reproductive health. Which types of problems adult male and females face to take sexual and reproductive health service, whatever it can be solved is the main aspect of the research.
FPAB: In this study, FPAB means Family planning association of Bangladesh. Founded in 1953 headed by Dr. Humara Syed, Now FPAB works as a substitute organization and helping hand of government to face national problems like population explosion and sexual & reproductive health. The head office is situated at Naya Paltan in Dhaka.
Client: In this present research, client means those people who take sexual & reproductive health service from FPAB’s clinics in Dhaka city.
Sexual & reproductive health: In this study, sexual & reproductive health means not the illness or disease. Yet it means physical, mental and social welfare alternatives to the proper sexual and reproductive going process.
Condition: Condition means not the disease or illness of sexual & reproductive organs. Yet it means social, cultural, custom, habit and that social situation which makes obstacles behind sexual & reproductive health going process related with sexual & reproductive health.
General objectives
To know about the sexual & reproductive health condition of the client of FPAB.
Specific objectives
Method of Research: This is a quantitative research based on sample survey basis.
Area of Research: Researcher selected two clinics from Reproductive Health Initiative for Youth in Asia (RHIYA) clinics of FPAB for this study as research area. The researcher collected data from the clients of HUMAYRA SYEDA CLINC and SHABUJBUG FPAB CLINIC.
Population of Research: All the clients of FPAB take service from these two clinics of FPAB.
Research Unit: Each client of FPAB taking service from these two clinics was considered as a unit.
Sample & Sample Size: The researcher selected two clinics from FPAB and purposefully selected 60 respondents from this tow clinic. Respondents age range 11 to 50 years.
Method of Data Collection: Necessary data collected through face-to-face interview. The questionnaire provided in bangle to individuals. Interview taken Time: 20 Days.
In this research have found several types of clients, which were came to take varies type of service from FPAB.
A. Socio-economic & demographic Information of respondents
Table A.1: Age distribution of respondents
| Age (Years) | Frequency | Percentage |
| 10-20 | 15 | 25.00% |
| 20-30 | 25 | 41.67% |
| 30-40 | 16 | 26.67% |
| 40-50 | 4 | 6.67% |
| Total | 60 | 100.00% |
Figure A.1: Age of respondents
Research found that 15 respondents from the age group of 10yrs-20yrs, 25 respondents found 20yrs-30yrs, 16 respondents were from 30yrs-40yrs and 4 respondents were from 40yrs-50yrs age group.
Table A.2: Marital status of respondents
| Situation | Frequency | Percentage |
| Married | 46 | 76.67% |
| Unmarried | 14 | 23.33% |
| Divorcee | 0 | 0.00% |
| Widow | 0 | 0.00% |
| Others | 0 | 0.00% |
| Total | 60 | 100.00% |
Figure A.2: Marital status of respondents
In this research have found married respondents 76.67% whereas unmarried respondents were 23.33%. On the other hand, there were no respondents from divorcee, widow & others.
Table A.3: Religious status of respondents
| Religion | Frequency | Percentage |
| Islam | 57 | 95.00% |
| Hindu | 3 | 5.00% |
| Buddhist | 0 | 0.00% |
| Christian | 0 | 0.00% |
| Total | 60 | 100.00% |
Figure A.3: Religion of respondents
There were 95.00% Muslim respondents whereas Hindu respondents were only 5.00% but there were no respondents from Buddhist and Christian.
Table A.4: Educational qualification of respondents
| Qualification | Frequency | Percentage |
| Illiterate | 7 | 11.67% |
| Primary | 10 | 16.67% |
| SSC | 25 | 41.67% |
| HSC | 9 | 15.00% |
| Graduate | 9 | 15.00% |
| Total | 60 | 100.00% |
Figure A.4: Educational qualification of respondents
Among 60 respondents, 41.67% have completed SSC, 16.67% respondents are Primary educated whereas 11.67% respondents are illiterate and rest 30% equally divided for HSC & Graduate. They are either graduate or completed HSC.
Table A.5: Occupation of respondents
| Occupation | Frequency | Percentage |
| Service | 12 | 20.00% |
| Business | 5 | 8.33% |
| Day Labor | 0 | 0.00% |
| Housewife | 28 | 46.67% |
| Student | 4 | 6.67% |
| Unemployed | 0 | 0.00% |
| Others | 11 | 18.33% |
| Total | 60 | 100.00% |
Figure A.5: Occupation of respondents
Maximum respondents in this research are housewife. Their percentage is 46.67% whereas I have found, 20.00% respondents are doing job, 8.33% respondents do business, 6.67% respondents are student and 18.33% respondents answered others option in this question.
Table A.6: Income range of respondents
| Income | Frequency | Percentage |
| 5000-10000 | 35 | 58.33% |
| 10000-15000 | 6 | 10.00% |
| 15000-20000 | 7 | 11.67% |
| 20000-30000 | 5 | 8.33% |
| 30000 & More | 7 | 11.67% |
| Total | 60 | 100.00% |
Figure A.6: Income range of respondents
It has been seen in this research people who come in FPAB, maximum numbers of them are from lower income group. In this research have found that incomes for 58.33% respondents are between BDT5000 & BDT10000. 10.00% earn BDT10000-BDT15000, 11.67% earn BDT15000-BDT20000, 8.33% respondents earn BDT20000-BDT30000 and income for rest 11.67% are more than BDT30000.
B. Information about the user of Family planning
B.1. Eligibility of respondents about Family planning’s
In this research have found 50 respondents are eligible to answer the question about family planning. It means these 50 (83.33%) respondents are related or suppose to be related with family planning concept. And rest 10 (16.67%) respondents are not eligible to answer family planning component use related question.
Table B.2.1: User of contraceptives in present
| Response | Frequency | Percentage |
| Yes | 36 | 72.00% |
| No | 14 | 28.00% |
| Total | 50 | 100.00% |
Figure B.2.1: User of contraceptives in present
In this research have found that 83.33% respondents are eligible for family planning, among them 72.00% respondents use contraceptives and 28.00% respondents do not use the same.
Table B.2.2: Method of contraceptives
| Method | Frequency | Percentage |
| Permanent | 1 | 2.78% |
| Temporary | 35 | 97.22% |
| Total | 36 | 100.00% |
Figure B.2.2: Method of contraceptives
There are 36 respondents, who use contraceptives. Among them only one (2.78%) respondent use permanent method and rest 97.22% respondents still dependents on temporary contraceptives.
Table B.3: Types of Temporary contraceptives
| Type | Frequency | Percentage |
| Pill | 12 | 34.29% |
| Condom | 8 | 22.86% |
| Injection | 10 | 28.57% |
| Norplant | 3 | 8.57% |
| Others | 2 | 5.71% |
| Total | 35 | 100.00% |
Figure B.3: Types of Temporary contraceptives
Total number of temporary contraceptive user is 35, where 34.29% respondents take Pill, 28.57% take injection, 22.86% respondents use condom, 8.57% respondents has chosen Norplant as contraceptive and 5.71% respondents are depends on other types of contraceptives.
Table B.4: Difficulty to use contraceptives
| Problems Face | Frequency | Percentage |
| Yes | 11 | 30.56% |
| No | 25 | 69.44% |
| Total | 36 | 100.00% |
Figure B.4: Difficulty to use contraceptives
It has been seen that there are 36 respondents who use contraceptives, among them 30.56% respondents face problems during their uses and rest 69.44% respondents never face problem in using contraceptives.
Table B.5: Decision maker for contraceptive use
| Person | Frequency | Percentage |
| Both | 11 | 30.56% |
| Husband | 15 | 41.67% |
| Wife | 6 | 16.67% |
| Doctor | 2 | 5.56% |
| Others | 2 | 5.56% |
| Total | 36 | 100.00% |
Figure B.5: Decision maker for contraceptive use
In our society, we know usually man dominates on women. The same thing has been observed regarding to take decision about to use contraceptives. It has seen in 41.67% cases husband took decision to use contraceptives whereas wives took decision in 16.67% cases. In 30.56% cases decision has been taken by both husband & wife. In 5.56% cases decision has been take for contraceptive use by doctor and 5.56% respondents answered others option in this question.
Table B.6: Main user of contraceptive in the Family
| User | Frequency | Percentage |
| Both | 2 | 5.56% |
| Husband | 9 | 25.00% |
| Wife | 25 | 69.44% |
| Total | 36 | 100.00% |
Figure B.6: Main user of contraceptive in the Family
We usually think that women use more contraceptive than man. In this research this idea has been proved again. It has found 69.44% contraceptive users are women whereas only 25.00% users are man and in case of rest 5.56% user, it has seen both, husband & wife use contraceptives.
Table B.7: Opinion to use permanent contraceptive in future.
| Response | Frequency | Percentage |
| Yes | 12 | 24.00% |
| No | 38 | 76.00% |
| Total | 50 | 100.00% |
Figure B.7: Opinion to use permanent contraceptive in future
In our society most of the people do not want to use permanent contraceptives. In this research 76.00% respondents deny to use permanent contraceptives in future but 24.00% respondents answered positively to use permanent contraceptives.
Table B.8: Take service before coming FPAB abut Family Planning
| Service receive | Frequency | Percentage |
| Yes | 37 | 74.00% |
| No | 13 | 26.00% |
| Total | 50 | 100.00% |
Figure B.8: Take service before coming FPAB abut Family Planning
There were 50 respondents who are eligible to answer Family planning related questions. Among them 74.00% respondents has taken service from other organization before coming to FPAB and 26.00% respondents has never taken any services from any other organization.
Table B.9: Know about ongoing program of Family planning
| Response | Frequency | Percentage |
| Yes | 32 | 64.00% |
| No | 18 | 36.00% |
| Total | 50 | 100.00% |
Figure B.9: Know about ongoing program of Family planning
There are 64.00% (32) respondents who know about present family planning programs. And 36.00% respondents do not know about any present family planning program.
C. Information about Safe Mother Hood
C.1: Total Respondents about Safe Motherhood
In this research, the researcher found 41 (68.33%) respondents are eligible to answer about safe motherhood and 19 (31.67%) respondents are not eligible to answer about safe motherhood.
Table C.2: Face problem during pregnancy
| Face Problem | Frequency | Percentage |
| Yes | 9 | 21.95% |
| No | 32 | 78.05% |
| Total | 41 | 100.00% |
Figure C.2: Face problem during pregnancy
21.95% respondents out of 41 respondents has faced problem during their pregnancy and 78.05% respondents did not face any problem in pregnancy period.
Table C.3: Weight of the children in delivery period
| Proper weight | Frequency | Percentage |
| Yes | 29 | 70.73% |
| No | 12 | 29.27% |
| Total | 41 | 100.00% |
Figure C.3: Weight of the children in delivery period
29 Respondents means 70.73% respondents out of 41 respondents who are eligible to answer the question of safe motherhood has answered that their baby has been born in proper weight, but 29.27% respondents answered that their baby has been born in under weight.
Table C.4: Get proper Food & Rest in pregnancy period
| Proper Food & Rest | Frequency | Percentage |
| Yes | 33 | 80.49% |
| No | 8 | 19.51% |
| Total | 41 | 100.00% |
Figure C.4: Get proper Food & Rest in pregnancy period
In the study seen that 41 respondents has related with pregnancy. It have found 80.49% respondents out of that 41 have got proper food & rest in their pregnancy period. Besides, 19.51% answered that they did not get the same.
Table C.5: Place of children’s delivery
| Place of Delivery | Frequency | Percentage |
| Hospital | 7 | 17.07% |
| Clinic | 13 | 31.71% |
| Mud Home | 9 | 21.95% |
| Brick built Home | 12 | 29.27% |
| Total | 41 | 100.00% |
Figure C.5: Place of children’s delivery
It has been found through this research that 17.07% delivery has been done in Hospital, 31.71% has been done in clinic, 21.95% has been done in mud home and 29.27% has been done in brick built home.
D. Information about Sexual & Reproductive Health
Table D.1: Suffering disease in STD/STI of respondents
| Response | Frequency | Percentage |
| Yes | 0 | 0.00% |
| No | 60 | 100.00% |
| Total | 60 | 100.00% |
Figure D.1: Suffering disease in STD/STI of respondents
As per this research, findings there were no respondents found who suffer in disease of STD/STI.
Table D.2.1: Knowledge about sexual disease of respondents
| Response | Frequency | Percentage |
| Yes | 53 | 88.33% |
| No | 7 | 11.67% |
| Total | 60 | 100.00% |
Figure D.2.1: Knowledge about sexual disease of respondents
Though In the study period, did not get any respondents who are suffering in disease of STD/STI, there 88.33% respondents who has knowledge about sexual disease. However, it has found 11.67% respondents do not have knowledge sexual disease.
Table D.2.2: Knowledge about the name of STD
| Name of STD | Frequency | Percentage |
| Gonorrhoea | 37 | 23.27% |
| Syphilis | 32 | 20.13% |
| Horpis | 6 | 3.77% |
| Hepatitis B | 29 | 18.24% |
| Aids | 55 | 34.59% |
| Others | 0 | 0.00% |
| Total | 159 | 100.00% |
Figure D.2.2: Knowledge about the name of STD
It has been found through this research, 53 respondents have knowledge about STD/STI. We have come to know from them that they know about five types of disease. In the study found someone who knows about more than one disease. Considering all responses it has come to know that maximum percentage has come for AIDS, it got 34.59%, 18.24% response has come for Hepatitis B, 20.13% response has come for Syphilis and 23.27% and 3.77% has come for Gonorrhoea and Horpis respectively.
Table D.3: Necessity to get treatment from doctor when symptom of STD/STI found
| Response | Frequency | Percentage |
| Yes | 60 | 100.00% |
| No | 0 | 0.00% |
| Total | 60 | 100.00% |
Every respondent has given their opinion to have doctors’ consultation when any symptom of STD/STI found. We have come to know some symptoms of STD/STI from our respondents. These are, wound in reproductive organ, lump with pain in reproductive organ, itching in reproductive organ and lump without pain in reproductive organ
Table D.4: Opinion about any one effect by STD
| Opinion | Frequency | Percentage |
| Hide the Disease | 0 | 0.00% |
| Take advice from Doctor | 60 | 53.57% |
| Hiding is not good | 43 | 38.39% |
| Others | 9 | 8.04% |
| Total | 112 | 100.00% |
Figure D.4: Opinion about any one effect by STD
It has found in this research, 53 respondents have knowledge about STD/STI. It has come to know from what to do once is affected by STD. It has found none who supports to hide the disease. 53.57% response has come in favor of to take advice from doctor, 38.39% response has come for “Hiding is not good” and rest 8.04% response has come for others.
Table D.5: Opinion about Prevention of Sexual Diseases
| Opinion | Frequency | Percentage |
| Condom Use | 47 | 32.64% |
| Trust to Partner | 35 | 24.31% |
| Keep away from Wicked Practice | 22 | 15.28% |
| Not use Public Toilet | 33 | 22.92% |
| Others | 7 | 4.86% |
| Total | 144 | 100.00% |
Figure D.5: Opinion about Prevention of Sexual Diseases
There are some opinions have come to prevent sexual disease. It has found four opinions about this, on the other hand, some one answered others in this question, and the percentage of this answer is 4.86%. 32.64% opinions have come to use condom, 24.31% have come to be trusted to partner, 22.92% response have come for not to use public toilet and 15.28% responses have come to Keep away himself/herself from Wicked Practice
E. Information about Abortion
Table E.1: Total respondents about Abortion
| Respondents | Frequency | Percentage |
| Applicable | 6 | 10.00% |
| Not Applicable | 54 | 90.00% |
| Total | 60 | 100.00% |
Figure E.1: Total respondents about Abortion
There are 60 respondents in our research. When I wanted to know about abortion, It has found 10.00% respondents applicable for this information and 90.00% respondents are not applicable for this field.
E. 2. Number of Abortion
The study had a plan to know how many abortions are done. It has found 2 (33.33%) respondents among 6 respondents did abortion twice and 4 (66.67%) respondents did abortion only one time. However, on the time of data collection, did not find anyone who did abortion thrice or four times.
E.3. Situation of Last Abortion
There are various situations of abortions. Someone abortion live child on the other hand some abortion death child. In this research I have found, 3 respondents means 50.00% respondents did abortion their live child whereas 1 (16.67%) respondents did it for death child. And rest 2 (33.33%) respondents did MR.
E. 4. Present number of live child
Those who did abortion, some of them have child in present. It has found 2 (33.33%) respondents have one child, 2 (33.33%) respondents have two children, 1 (16.67%) respondents have three and 1 (16.67%) respondents have four children.
E. 5. Reason behind Abortion/MR
There are various reasons behind abortion/MR, I have found three reasons. There are Failure of contraceptive, Want child Later and Do not want anymore child. It has found equal number means 2 (33.33%) of respondents for each reason.
E.6. Reason not to use contraceptive
The respondents were asked why did not they choose contraceptives instead of abortion? There are only 1 (16.67%) respondents replied that they forget to use contraceptives. 3 (50.00%) respondents told, their husband dislike contraceptives. Moreover, 1 (16.67%) respondents replied that it happens for their misunderstanding and rest 1 (16.67%) respondents told that it happens for lake of their awareness.
E.7. Take any step for Abortion before MR
It has known that 6 persons did abortion/MR their child. Among them 2 (33.33%) respondents took step for abortion before MR and 4 (66.67%) respondents did not try for abortion.
E.8.1. Number of respondents to face problem after MR
It has seen, there are 3 (50.00%) respondents faced problems after MR and another 3 (50.00%) respondents did not face problem.
E.8.2. Type of the problem after MR
It has found that there are 3 respondents who faced problem after MR, among them 1 (25.00%) respondents suffered in abdominal pain and another 2 (75.00%) respondents has suffered in fever.
E.9. Expenditure for MR
Expenditure plays vital role in family planning. In the study wished to get an idea about the expenditure of MR. the study have been informed, 4 (66.67%) respondents paid BDT201-BDT300 for MR and rest 4 (33.33%) respondent paid BDT401-BDT500.
E.10. Bear of expenditure for MR
It has seen maximum respondents in our research have come from low income group. So, it is very important to know how they bear their MR expenses. It has been answered 3 (50.00%) respondents bear the expenses of MR from their own savings. And another 3 (50.00%) answered that they bear the expenses from other sources. But the study did not find anyone who take lone for MR expenses.
F. Information about New Born Care
F.1. Total Respondents about new born information
Researcher had some questions about care of newborn baby. In this research, we have found 48.33% respondents are applicable for this type of questions. In addition, another 51.67% respondents are not applicable to answer the question of this field.
F.2. New Born is the First child
Researcher have seen, in case of newborn baby 13 (44.83%) respondents told that it is their first baby and another 16 (55.17%) respondents told that it is not their first baby.
F.3.1. Face problem after birth
Researcher have found that 10 (34.4%) respondents out of 29 respondents, who are eligible to answer about new born baby face problem after birth and another 19 (65.52%) respondents did not face problem after birth.
F.3.2. Name of disease after born
Researcher have identified, 10 respondents told that their baby face problem after birth. Among them maximum, 4 (40.00%) respondents suffered in catch cold, whereas 2 (20.00%) respondents suffered in Pneumonia, 1 (10.00%) respondent suffered in Measles, 2 (20.00%) respondents suffered in Bronchitis and 1 (10.00%) respondent suffered in Catarrh.
F.4.1. Number of respondent’s child to take Vixen
There are 10 (34.48%) respondents out of 29 respondents has given vixen their baby and rest 19 (65.52%) respondent did not arrange vixen for their baby.
F.4.2. Knowledge about the name of the Vixen of respondents
There are only 6 (20.69%) respondents who know the name of vixen and rests 23 (79.31%) do not know the name of vixen.
F.5.1.Other food given in parallel with breast feeding
Breast feeding is essential for every baby. It is advised not to take any other food without breast feed up to six month from birth. We have seen 18 (62.07%) respondents did not feed their baby other food in parallel with breast feeding. And 11 (37.93%) respondents give their baby other food with breast feeding.
F.5.2. Name of food feed to children
When parents give their baby, other food parallel with breast feeding they want to give them best available food. In our research, we have found four different foods which are given baby. Maximum respondents love to give rice to their baby. I have found 5 (45.46%) respondents give rice whereas vegetable is given by 2 (18.88%), liquid food is given by 2 (18.88%) & box milk is given by 2 (18.88%) respondents.
F.6. Knowledge about program for children of respondents
In our country, maximum people cannot use available service due to lake of awareness. In this research, it has seen 12 (41.38%) respondents do not know about the available service for newborn baby care. However, 17 (58.62%) respondents answered that they are aware about presently available newborn baby care services.
F.7. Satisfaction for ongoing service for children
There are 11 (37.93%) respondents who ranked the available baby care service as medium, 10 (34.48%) respondents considered as satisfactory whereas 5 (17.24%) respondents considered as good and 3 (10.34%) respondents avoid to answer above three option, they answered others option.
G. Information about Adolescence
G.1. Total number of respondents
In this research, it had a field to get information from adolescence. It has found 10 (16.67%) respondents are applicable for this field and rest 50 (83.33%) respondents are not applicable to answer the question of this field.
G.2. Knowledge about Adolescence of respondents
Researcher have seen 7 (70.00%) respondents have heard about age transition period concept but 3 (30.00%) respondents answered that they did not hear about this concept. Respondents who heard about age transition period, they have heard about this from their brother-sister, parents grandparents, and someone told that they have known by reading book.
G.3. Get knowledge about Adolescence from parents
In our society, it is very difficult to get proper knowledge about age transition period. Sometimes our parents also do not share this type of information with their child. I have seen 5 (50.00%) respondents answered that they got knowledge from their parents about the care of adolescence. And another 5 (50.00%) respondents told that they did get any knowledge about this from their parents.
G.4. Take care by parents in puberty period of respondents
7 (70.00%) respondents answered that their parents has taken care them in their puberty period. But 3 (30.00%) respondents replied, they did not get any help from their parents in puberty period.
G.5. Awareness about sexuality
There is a debit in our society whether adolescents should be given knowledge about the idea of sexuality. People are divided in this issue. I have seen 9 (90.00%) respondents supported to give knowledge to adolescent about the idea of sexuality. On the other hand, 1 (10.00%) respondents deny giving this knowledge to adolescent.
G.6. Knowledge about take care of Adolescence period
7 (70.00%) respondents answered, they know how to care adolescent on the other hand 3 (30.00%) respondents do not know the caring process of adolescent.
G.7. Knowledge about the reason of changing in Puberty period
I have found 6 (60.00%) respondents know the reason of physical changes and rests 4 (40.00%) do not have any idea about the changes.
G.8. Necessity of entertainment
In this research every adolescent (10 respondents) answered that entertainment is required for their mental development. Moreover, it will keep them away from crime.
H. Information about Opinion & Recommendations
Table H.1: Knowledge about the program of sexual & reproductive health of FPAB
| Opinion | Frequency | Percentage |
| Yes | 43 | 71.67% |
| No | 17 | 28.33% |
| Total | 60 | 100.00% |
Figure H.1: Knowledge about the program of sexual & reproductive health of FPAB
FPAB serves this country in sexual and reproductive health. However, still some people do not know about the program of FPAB for sexual and reproductive health. The researcher found in this research that 28.33% respondents do not know about program for sexual and reproductive health. On the other hand, 71.67% respondents answered that they know about the program of FPAB for sexual and reproductive health.
Table H.2: Satisfaction about the program of FPAB
| Opinion | Frequency | Percentage |
| Fully Satisfied | 3 | 5.00% |
| Satisfied | 39 | 65.00% |
| Medium | 9 | 15.00% |
| Not Satisfied | 2 | 3.33% |
| No Opinion | 5 | 8.33% |
| Others | 2 | 3.33% |
| Total | 60 | 100.00% |
Figure H.2: Satisfaction about the program of FPAB
We know FPAB gives quality sexual and reproductive health. It has found 65.00% respondents who considered the service of FPAB as satisfied and 5.00% respondents considered as fully satisfied. On the other hand, only 3.33% respondents answered that they are not satisfied to the service of FPAB. 15.00% respondents considered FPAB services as medium, 3.33% respondents answered others option in this question. In addition, 8.33% respondents did not give their opinion for this question.
Major Findings of Research
Maximum service receive are under graduate. The percentage of under graduate is maximum service receiver are housewife, second highest service receiver are service women. The maximum clients of FPAB are from lower or middle income group. People are interested to take temporary contraceptives instead of permanent contraceptives and maximum people take pill, condom and injection. Norplant is unusual contraceptives. In present situation is changing, some people take contraceptive in joint decision. However, until now women are the highest user of contraceptives.
It has found, Maximum people did not take any problem and the weight of newborn baby was sufficient. Presently we see not pregnant women get support from family member, they get sufficient food and rest. We have seen technological development also pushes there do to family planning. Now maximum babies born in Hospital or clinic.
Present generation is census about sexual disease. Now people are also aware about disease and the consequences of the sexual disease.
Abortion is increasing day by day. Some people died abortion, twice/thrice. There are some people, who tried for abortion before MR.
Though maximum people do not know the essential vixens’ name, they do not forget to take vixens by doctors or health workers. Most of the people are now satisfied with present availed services.
In our society, present people are becoming aware about necessity and the problems of adolescence. Parents take care their child in this regard but they do not face conflict to give them knowledge about adolescence our sexuality.
FPAB plays a great role in service of sexual & reproductive health. General people are aware and satisfied about their service. However, still there are some areas to be improved in FPAB. Science maximum client of FPAB are from lower or middle income group, the services should be free. Alternatively, it should have special program for lower income group.
Some recommendations are given below based on the research result for kind consideration of the authority and clients of the FPAB:
In our society, present people are becoming aware about necessity and the problems of sexual & reproductive health. FPAB plays a great role in the service of sexual & reproductive health. General people are aware and satisfied about their service. However, there are still some areas to be improved in FPAB. Science maximum clients of FPAB are from lower or middle income groups, the services should be free. Or it should have a special program for lower income groups.
Family Planning Association of Bangladesh. (2005). FPAB strategic plan 2005-2009. Family Planning Association of Bangladesh.
Family Planning Association of Bangladesh. (n.d.). Adolescent/youth program of FPAB, Family Planning Association of Bangladesh. Family Planning Association of Bangladesh.
Family Planning Association of Bangladesh. (1987). Facts on Family Planning Association of Bangladesh, 1980-1987. Family Planning Association of Bangladesh.
Hasan, K. (2006, March). Knowledge, attitude, and practice baseline survey of community gatekeepers of adolescents in Bangladesh. Family Planning Association of Bangladesh (FPAB), ACNielsen Bangladesh.
Family Planning Association of Bangladesh. (2003). Baseline survey on knowledge, attitude, and practice of adolescent & youth on sexual & reproductive health. Family Planning Association of Bangladesh.
Frozen Spider Web by Silvia Bukovac Gasevic